Effect of extracts of some desert plants

Effect of extracts of some desert plants
تأثر البيئة الصحراوية ببعض المستخلصات

This study was carried out in the laboratory and fields of
College of Agriculture , University of Basrah during the year 2004 – 2007 to evaluate the effectiveness of water and alcoholic extracts of some aquatic and desert plants and effectiveness of soil solarization to control charcoal rot disease caused by Macrophomina phaseolina on Sunflower plant .
The results showed four water extracts from sixteen water extracts had effective on growth of M.phaseolina as following :- Bacopa monniera , Ceratophyllum demersum , Withania somnfera and Conyza discoridis .
The results showed that water extracts inhibited the growth of M.phaseolina where the radial of fungus growth reached 45.49 , 58.16 , 61.08 and 63.33 mm after 72 hour of incubation with extracts of B.monniera , C.demersum , W. somnfera and Co.discoridis respectively compared with 90 mm in control treatment . Also it was found that alcoholic extract of B.monniera was the most effective in inhibition of the radial growth of M.phaseolina reached 66.24 mm compared with 70.33 , 72.12 and 73.88 mm for C.demersum , W. somnfera and Co.discoridis treatment respectively .
The results also showed that 5 % concentration of water extracts of B.monniera and C.demersum was a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) for M.phaseolina fungus .
It was found that the water extracts of plants used was less effective after month storage at 4 ± 1 temp.
It was found that the water extracts of plants may be effective of sclerotia germinate reached 26.26 , 36.66 , 40.00 and 43.33 % for B.monniera , C.demersum , W. somnfera , and Co.discoridis treatment respectively .
It was found also that the exposure of sclerotia at 40 , 45 , 50 temp. for 24 hour effective in viability of fungus sclerotia .
The field results explained that soil solarization used with amended of residues of B.monniera , C.demersum , W. somnfera and Co.discoridis plants reduced disease incidence of sunflower . The percentage of disease incidence was 20.73 % in soil solarization compare with 37.07 % in non soil solarization , also the residues of plant effective in reducing the disease incidence was 16.66 , 24.06 , 25.92 and 29.62 % for B.monniera , C.demersum , W. somnfera and Co.discoridis treatment respectively compare with 48.14 % control treatment .
Soil solarization reduced disease severity at 21.26 % in soil solarization compare with 35.68 % in non – soil solarization as well disease severity reduce at 23.11 , 23.58 , 27.30 and 28.12 % for B.monniera , C.demersum , W. somnfera and Co.discoridis treatment respectively compare with 40.25 % control treatment .
Use of soil solarization and plants residues improved of growth parameter such a foliage and root dry weight and improved of plant yield reached 38.8 gm / plant in soil solarization compare with 30.82 gm / plant in non – soil solarization .
Plant residues also improved of plant yield reached 41.25 , 37.05 , 34.4 and 33.45 gm for for B.monniera , C.demersum , W. somnfera and Co.discoridis treatment respectively compare with 27.9 gm control treatment .
The results showed that soil solarization and plant residues had positive effect of some yield parameter such as seeds number of one disc . On the other hand it was found that soil solarization used to reduce the number of sclerotia in 1 gm soil . The average of sclerotia number reach 39.4 Scl. / 1 gm soil in soil solarization compare with 128.00 Scl. / 1 gm soil in non - soil solarization .
Also the plant residues effected of number of fungus sclerotia compare with control treatment .
This report on the University of Basra