Peppers and methods of cultivation
الفلفل وطرق زراعته Peppers and methods of cultivation
Planting dates
:Lug early summer:
seedling planted
Sustainable in the ground in early March.
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Lug Savings:
Seedling planted
Sustainable in the ground during the months of April and May
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Lug indigo:
Seedling planted
Sustainable in the ground during the months of July and August
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Must be cultivated nursery prior to the transfer of the land sustainable
About 1.5 - 2 months by sowing date and the most trustworthy.
The amount of seeds
Need feddan 150 - 200 g seeds of high vitality and purity
Taken from a reliable source of it.
And pepper seeds lose their vitality after two years of seed production.
Agriculture Nursery
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Should not have been previously cultivated
One of the family Solanaceae crops such as:
Tomatoes - Potatoes - Peppers - Eggplant
Enjoy the land of the nursery well and good that Bahart
Until smooth and add super phosphate fertilizer only
The rate of 150 kg / fadan
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Don't put any organic fertilizers for nursery and for the following reasons:
1- Limited number of days that you take Seedling
It is about 40 days on average.
2- Requirement Seedling superphosphate only during growth
So we get a firm and solid seedlings by the total radical
Doubled in size of plant shoots
Which helps to speed installation Seedling in soil
The success of agriculture, thereby reducing the rate of absenteeism to the least extent possible.
Processing of the nursery land for agriculture
Land is divided into three types of
(Clay - yellow - sand) and for each type of method of cultivation in the nursery.
Clay soil
1- After the addition of superphosphate fertilizer
And tilling the soil creep is planning a rate of 14 line in the shins and irrigate with water.
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2- Leave the ground to plow the ground and gone on the back of the seed
The lines in the lines so that
Seedling in straight lines.
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3- Covering the seed light sand cover
If not available sand mixture thereby acting
Of sand: mud by 1: 1
4- Irrigate the land on the protector after agriculture directly.
And there is no way for the cultivation of nursery trays using.
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There are two types of trays of 84 eye and a second type 209 of an eye.
IMPORTANT NOTE:
Given the length of seedling survival in the nursery about 4 - 6 weeks
Care must be here on recharge.
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Not appear until the symptoms of the lack of any element on the plants
And thus can be obtained seedlings good disease-free
Or a lack of elements
By spraying once a week at least By nutritious and promoted full.
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Tempering operations
This process is the most important operations on the seedling
Since it caused the success or failure of seedling
When the land transport development.
And this process is not irrigation prior to the transfer of the Week
At least, to give an opportunity for seedlings to store
Carbohydrates, which leads to increased thickness of the leg.
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And greening leaves and penchant for the color green
Dark as well as the large root to reach
To the weak shoots.
Seedling Tkulaia of agriculture in sustainable land
Nursery sprayed with water before transport to the dismantling of the soil around
Total root and help to keep
The maximum quantity of seedling roots in order to deliver sustainable land.
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Leading to high success rate of seedling
And reduce absenteeism to a minimum.
Sustainable agriculture in the land
Preparation of land for agriculture
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1 - must be the soil never planted any crop
Of the family Solanaceae that any previous crop
Be from one family leguminous crops
Or Alqraeip and must follow the three-year cycle.
2 - well-tilled land and tilling the ground again
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Rates of fertilizer per acre
150 kg superphosphate calcium.
100 kg potassium sulphate.
50 kg ammonium sulfate.
Also add organic fertilizer at a rate 20 - 30 m 3 of organic fertilizer
Old Broken confuse these fertilizers well on a mattress plastic
Then added to the soil and cultivating
Second again.
3 - Creeps good soil settlement
Then plan a rate of 10 lines and irrigate with water.
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4 - left until plowing and then grown on the seedling badminton Marine
In the presence of water, light
The pressure on the root of the seedlings light pressure to install them in the soil.
5 - Agriculture distances 25 - 30 cm between plants and some of them.
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Important Note
You must soak the root of the total seedlings
In the solution of a mixture of Fungicides
Such as Deathin m 45 2.5 g + Bnlit 1.5 grams per liter of water
To maintain the total root rot of seedlings from the soil
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Fertilization
Add fertilizer rates by hand next
Plant and the rates of the following acres:
1- after a month of transportation for sustainable land
(200 kg ammonium sulfate).
2- After two months of the transfer of sustainable land
(150 kg calcium super phosphate) + 200 kg of ammonium sulfate.
3- When flowering 60% - 80% of the cultivated area
(Entered in the flowering) is added
(200 kg ammonium sulfate, 50 kg potassium sulfate).
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Should take into account the following when you fertilization
1- fertilizer is placed next to the plant.
2- Irrigation after placing fertilizer directly.
3- Not watering the soil water frequently even without crusts rot soil during the harvest.
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Add ammonium sulfate 50 kg / acre after each two weeks.
Weed control in the yield of pepper
Are serious pests of grass, which
Cause a lot of losses for different crops
Cultivated either by rival those
Crops for water and materials.
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Food and light or the same place and the fact that
Breadwinner for many
Of fungal diseases and insect pests as well as
The high cost of resistance, which
To be with him to focus on ways to resist and eliminate
Them and reduce the damage.
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And increase the problem of weeds in crops
Vegetables due to the short life cycle and low
Competitiveness of many
Including a comparison of the competitiveness of grass.
Hence the interest in combating excessive weeds in various ways.
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Pepper Diseases
Infected pepper many of the diseases that produce
By a significant loss in yield, both in quantity
Or type in the cultivation of greenhouse crops, as well as
Consequently, there is open and a negative impact on export
And thus yield both for the farmer or the State.
These diseases can be divided into:
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First: fungal diseases, such as.
Soft rot
The fall of the seedling
Fusarium Wilt
Powdery Mildew,
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Mosaic leaves,
Alontheraknuz disease, gray mold, a disease
Alascalerottiny mold or mildew White
Second: Nematodes diseases such as: root-knot nematode
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Third: physiological diseases such as:
Party syphilis rot, blight the sun
The most important insect pests and animal species that infect pepper.
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Gryllotalpa gryllotalpa
Agrotis ipsilon
Liriomyze sp.
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Aphis gossypii-
Cotton leaf worm and the worm green
Manna and white Shrew
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, Paratettix sp
Red Spider Urentis sentis
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Remember the following to produce a high yield of pepper
Soak pepper seeds in running water for 12 hours before planting the nursery.
Optimal germination period of five days.
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The period between planting and harvesting Seedling
95 - 100 days according to the temperature during planting.
Fertilizer needs of acres: 700 kg ammonium sulfate
- 300 kg calcium super phosphate --
250 kg potassium sulphate
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In the crop season into account the need
Add the amount of 50 kg ammonium sulfate per acre
Every 3 Jmat so as to maintain the qualities marketing
Of the fruits of pepper as well as helping to raise the productivity per feddan to
Twice the normal period which is about 6 Ashe
HR while maintaining the size and shape of fruits for
Marketing, raising farm income.
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Add organic fertilizer by Old Broken
Agriculture and the amount of 30 m 3 / acre.
Sprinkle fertilizer paper before the flowering and the contract.
When spraying fertilizers paper in the case of lack of elements
Take into account the rare not to be confused with pesticides
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Taken into account in the new lands, which tend to alkaline spray
the fertilizer plant in paper or amino acids containing
CalciumAlmakhlbi even
You do not get fruit moth Rot by Venus at the summit.
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Leaving a period of 3 days between spraying pesticides, fertilizers, paper.
When there is insect or pathological injury in the season gathering
Take into account first, and then harvest spray after that.
The use of criteria is set to calibrate pesticide
Paper fertilizers
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Stir pesticides in water using a stick
Or branch of a tree with no flipping by hand.
Not spray pesticides or fertilizers paper when winds
Or the expectation of rainfall
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Collect the fruits of pepper in the early morning dew volatility
- And shall not be combined after rainfall or irrigation, because that leads
To bulge the crust and the vulnerability of the excavation, the fruit rot.
Gathering part of the neck in a smooth plastic tables
And the time when confusing on a mattress in a clean place far from the sun.
Screening and exclusion of infected fruit to keep the rest of the fruit.
Gathering in the role of green marketing after the completion of
Composition of fruits and their access to the appropriate size of the market.
Before then the red color
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I hope that you like the report and make use of it.
Translation and RAEVIEW
Shalaby Said
Al-Sabbah Al-Najjar
