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1-7. Powdery mildew caused by Sphaerotheca pannosa. 1, Leaf curl and distortion symptoms. 2, Heavy white mycelial growth of the fungus on upper leaf surfaces. 3, Symptoms on cane and thorns. 4, Mycelial growth of the fungus on calyx of flower bud. 5, Germinating conidiaof the fungus. 6, Mycelial growth of the fungus on leaf surface. 7, Conidia of the fungus forming on the ends of conidiophores. (Plate 1 reprinted, by permission, from Westcott's Plant Disease Handbook. 4th ed. Revised by R. K. Horst. 1979. Van Nostrand Reinhold Company. New York; Plates 5-7 courtesy of D. L. Coyier)
8-11. Black spot caused by Diplocarpon rosae. 8, Early lesions on leaf. 9, Acervuli of the fungus in lesion with feathery margins. 10, Close-up of acervuli in lesion on leaf. 11, Severe symptoms of black spot. Note lesions with yellowing from formation of ethylene.
12-19. Rust caused by Phragmidium mucronatum. 12, Orange pustules of uredial stage on lower leaf surface. 13, Close-up of uredial stage on lower leaf surface. 14, Chlorotic spots on upper leaf surface. 15, Uredial stage on cane. 16, Black pustules of telial stage and orange pustules of uredial stage on leaf surfaces. 17, Teliospores of the fungus. 18, Telial stage and uredial stage on the same leaf. 19, Overwintering telial stage on canes. {Plates 12 and 13 reprinted, by permission, from Westcott's Plant Disease Handbook. 4th ed. Revised by R. K. Horst. 1979, Van Nostrand Reinhold Company, New York; Plate 14 courtesy of K. Ohkawa; Plate 16 courtesy of V. A. Wager; Plates 17 and 18 courtesy of K. Milne
20-25. Verticillium wilt caused by Verticillium spp. 20, General wilting and yellowing of leaves. 21, General wilting of cane with flower bud. 22, Chlorotic leaves after infection. 23, Yellowed canes and dark streaks after infection. 24, Close-up of yellowed canes with dark streaks. 25, Conidia of Verticillium in xylem of infected canes. (Plates 20 and 25 courtesy of C. Harwood
26-29. Downy mildew caused by Peronospora sparsa. 26, Purplish red to dark brown irregular spots on upper leaf surface. 27, Close-up of spots on upper leaf surface. 28, Necrotic lesions on upper leaf surface. 29, Mycelia and conidia on lower leaf surface beneath lesion.
30-35. Botrytis blight caused by Botrytis cinerea. 30, Unopened flower bud with fuzzy mycelial growth and sporulation of the fungus. 31, Small flecks on flower petals. 32, Petal lesions. 33, Brown soft rot of flower petals. 34, Cane blight with fuzzy mycelial growth and sporulation of the fungus. 35, Blight of terminal growing region of cane. (Plates 31 and 32 courtesy of K. Welch, Mallinckrodt, Inc.. Oakland, CA; Plate 33 reprinted, by permission, from Westcott's Plant Disease Handbook. 4th ed. Revised by R. K. Horst. 1979. Van Nostrand Reinhold Company, New York; Plate 35 courtesy of D. L Coyier)
36 and 37. Canker caused by Nectria cinnabarina. 36, Cane canker with sporodochia of the fungus. 37, Close-up of sporodochia of the fungus
Cercospora leaf spot. Circular spots have purplish to reddish brown margins and grayish centers.
{Courtesy V. A. Wager)
39-42. Crown gall caused by Agrobacterium tumefaciens. 39, Gall at crown of plant or just below soil surface. 40 and 41, Galls on aerial portion of cane. 42, Cut gall, showing lighter internal tissue and darkened, woody, outer portions of gall that slough off. (Plate 39 courtesy of L. W. Moore)
43-50. Rose mosaic. 43, Foliar symptoms, including line patterns, ring spots, and mottles. 44, Line pattern symptom on leaf. 45 and 46, Ring spot symptom on leaves. 47, Mottle symptom on leaf. 48, Yellow net symptom on leaf. 49, Yellow mosaic symptom on leaf. 50, Portion of a plant with yellow mosaic symptoms. (Plates 43, 45, 46, 49. and 50 reprinted, by permission, from "Rose virus and virus-like diseases," by G. A. Secor, M. Kong, and G. Nyland, 1977, Calif. Agric. 31{3):4-7; Plate 44 reprinted, by permission, from Westcott's Plant Disease Handbook. 4th ed. Revised by R. K. Horst. 1979, Van Nostrand Reinhold Company, New York)
51-54. Rose ring pattern. 51, Foliar distortion on Rosa multiflora. 52, Foliar distortion (healthy leaf at right). 53, Line pattern on leaf. 54, Color break in petals. (Reprinted, by permission, from "Rose virus and virus-like diseases," by G. A. Secor, M. Kong, and G. Nyland, 1977. Calif. Agric. 31(3):4-7)
55-58. Rose spring dwarf. 55, Leaf rosette following bud break. 56, Close-up of leaf rosette. 57, Zigzag mannerof cane growth. 58, Leaf balling symptoms on Rosamuftiflora 'Burr'. (Reprinted, by permission, from "Rose virus and virus-like diseases," by G. A. Secor. M. Kong, and G. Nyland, 1977. Calif. Agric. 31(3):4-7)
59-62. Rose leaf curl. 59, Leaf epinasty and shoot necrosis. 60, Leaf epinasty. 61, Vein flecking. 62, Stem pitting in cane. (Reprinted, by permission, from "Rose virus and virus-like diseases." by G. A. Secor. M. Kong, and G. Nyland. 1977. Calif. Agric. 31 (3):4-7; Plate 61 was published in black and white in "Rose leaf curl, a distinct component of a disease complex which resembles rose wilt." by S. A. Slack, J. A. Traylor, H. E. Williams, and G. Nyland, 1976, Plant Dis. Rep. 60:178-182)
63-67. Disease symptoms caused by nematode infestations. 63, General decline and stunting of plant (right), compared with a healthy plant (left). 64 and 65, Galls on roots of gardenia infested with species of Meloidogyne. Symptoms resemble those found on rose. 66, Close-up of root galls caused by infestation with Meloidogyne. 67, Poor root growth of rose infested by nematodes (right), compared with healthy roots (left). (Plates 63 and 66 reprinted, by permission, from "Influence of Pratylenchus vulnus and Meloidogyne hapla on the growth of rootstock of rose," by G. S. Santo and B. Lear. 1976, J. Nematol. 8:18-23)
68. Blindness (failure of flower bud to form and/or abortion of terminal bud). (Courtesy M. Rogers)
69. Fluoride toxicity. Note marginal leaf chlorosis, thin cane, and dwarfed plant. (Courtesy R. Brewer, University of California, San Joaquin)
70. Ethylene damage. Note typical epinasty and curling of young leaflets. (Courtesy O. W. Davidson, Rutgers University)
71. Trifluralin damage. Note very small leaves formed afterexposure. (Courtesy J. G. Seeley)
72-83. Nutrient imbalance symptoms. 72, Oxygen deficiency. Note yellowing of main veins and interveinal chlorosis. 73, Nitrogen deficiency. Note overall yellow-green color of leaves. 74, Phosphorus deficiency. Leaves are generally stunted and may begray-§*een. 75, Potassium deficiency. Note tip and marginal yellowing, browning, and necrosis of older leaves. 76, Calcium deficiency. Leaves become dull gray-green and bend down at margins; edges later turn yellow and brown. 77, Magnesium deficiency. Chlorosis of interveinal areas progresses to necrosis. 78, Iron deficiency. Note interveinal chlorosis in which the main veins remain green. 79, Zinc deficiency. Distorted leaves show yellowing that becomes necrotic. 80, Manganese deficiency. Interveinal chlorosis becomes necrotic. 81, Manganese toxicity. Note small black spots in interveinal areas on older leaves. 82, Boron toxicity. Note marginal browning and necrosis of older leaves. 83, Heat or salt stress. Note marginal necrosis of leaves. (Plates 72-78 and 80 83 reprinted, by permission, from "Greenhouse roses: Diagnosis and remedy of nutritional disorders," by J. W. White. 1976, Roses Inc.. Haslett, Ml; Plate 79 courtesy of C. Harwood)
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